The creation of units dedicated to treating critically ill patients is a recent development in our hospitals. In Europe, the first "modern" ICU was established in Copenhagen during the large polio epidemics in 1951-52. Since then, the ICU and intensive care as a field of highly specialised medical competencies have developed side by side. The demand for ICU resources is likely to increase considerably in the coming decades, not least as a consequence of the "age pandemic" that is rapidly changing (population) demographics. This book focuses on the many different aspects around the organisation of modern intensive care. Discussions about the concepts of intensive care, its structure and processes are highlighted in over 50 chapters all written by international experts in intensive care medicine. The book comprises the following sections: Concepts; Structures, Monitoring & Personnel; Processes; Outcomes; Conclusion. All clinical personnel working in the ICU as well as managers of hospitals should read this book. It will hopefully set the modern "ICU standard" and will thus be a tool in planning for the challenges we all will face treating critically ill patients in the future.