"Technological developments and advances in scientific research have enabled the cross-fertilization of scientific disciplines. This book aims to provide readers with the tools necessary to address scientific and technological challenges in astronomy and space exploration. It explores gravity, the structure of the Earth and stars, spectroscopy of molecules, minerals, and stars, in addition to the accretion of stars and exoplanets and identification of Earth-like exoplanets. It also explores topics closer to home, geodesy, climate change, quantum computing and quantum entanglement, electricity in the human body and ground, and plasma as form of matter. Chapters include multiple exercises and advanced computer exercises, enabling readers to better understand and contribute to the resolution of current scientific and technological challenges. The book can serve as a practical guidebook for students studying astronomy and astrophysics, alongside general physics, chemistry and biology modules and multidisciplinary courses in science education"--