This Handbook is an essential reference and a guide to the rapidly expanding field of Geographic Information Science.Designed for students and researchers who want an in-depth treatment of the subject, including background informationComprises around 40 substantial essays, each written by a recognized expert in a particular areaCovers the full spectrum of research in GISSurveys the increasing number of applications of GISPredicts how GIS is likely to evolve in the near future