Students entering higher education expect that their studies should lead them towards some form of professional career. They come to university with a range of expectations for their learning as well as for the outcomes of their learning. In this age, where complex internationalised professions are the main source of work for graduates, students need to prepare themselves for a future that can be volatile, changeable and challenging. In this book we show how students navigate their way through learning and become effective students and how they shift the focus of their learning away from the formalism associated with the university situation towards the exigencies of working life. In this sense we explore how people move from being expert students to novice professionals.