First Published in 1995. This is Volume II of a series on Environmental Technology. The series will be of use to operators of industrial processes as well as regulatory bodies and those involved in environmental consultancy, and some titles will be appropriate for degree-level courses. The generation of material wealth through industrial production carries with it inevitable impacts on the environment. The challenge to society is to reconcile these factors so as to achieve a high level of protection for the environment as a whole whilst continuing to enjoy the benefits of industrial activities. The author explores the implications of the Doctrine of Direct Effect in the context of EU directives concerning the environment. In particular, attention is focused on implementation of the Directive on pollution caused by certain dangerous substances discharged into the aquatic environment of the Community (76/464/EEC), commonly referred to as the Dangerous Substances Directive.