This special issue originated from a panel at the annual conference of the International Communication Association. The articles utilize various coding systems, including the Roter Interaction Analysis System, Verbal Response Mode, McNeilis Coordination and Competence System, and Relational Control Coding. This issue's goal is to provide a resource that will make it easier for future researchers to select a coding scheme that is most appropriate for the purpose of a particular research project. It illuminates the process of studying health care provider-patient interaction and facilitates decision making for future researchers.