The insect Order Lepidoptera is one of the four megadiverse groups of insects globally. The vast majority of the Order are moths and the unique Australian fauna has long been of interest to scientists and other enthusiasts. Australian Moths: a Natural History presents a synthesis of much of the research work that has occurred over the last 30 years on the Australian moth fauna, focussing on the ecology, evolution and natural history of this key Order of insects. All the chapters are authored by experts currently active in the field. Following introductory material, the chapters fall into three broad categories. Seven chapters present general accounts of the fauna ranging from the history of its discovery (including Indigenous knowledge), through origin and evolution, community ecology, to conservation. A central block of chapters describes key groups of Australian moths which have radiated extensively in Australia, followed by chapters summarizing knowledge on key species. These species are of particular economic, social or conservation significance. The book closes with a chapter on key knowledge gaps as a challenge to future researchers and naturalists. The work is essential reading for research students, senior scientists, conservationists, pest managers and amateur entomologists. It aims to promote moths as exciting and productive subjects for further study, enthusiasm and admiration.