This volume presents a set of texts that address the problem of the construction of Roman identity from the archaeological perspective. These texts cover a wide temporal arc, since they deal with elements remaining from the pre-Roman substratum, passing through the forms of construction of identity during the Imperial period, including the time in which the Empire became a mere memory. The great diversity of data analyzed contributes not only to understanding how otherness was recognised and treated by political powers, but also the phenomena of countercultural resistance and the role of people without history .